2025 Decline in Farm-Raised Turkey Populations: Causes, Impact, and Outlook

2025 saw a decline in farm-raised turkey populations, extending a decades-long fall. Read about causes, industry effects, consumer trends, and future outlooks.

The population of farm-raised turkeys fell in 2025, continuing a decades-long trend of shrinking numbers across the poultry sector. For farmers, processors, and shoppers, this ongoing decline raises questions about the future of turkey farming, seasonal supply, and how the poultry industry will adapt.

Several factors are likely contributing to the drop in turkey population. Analysts point to shifting consumer demand—more households are choosing alternative proteins and plant-based options—along with industry consolidation that has reduced the number of smaller turkey farms. Rising feed costs, stricter animal welfare regulations, and occasional disease outbreaks have also pressured turkey production, prompting some producers to scale back or exit the market.

The impact of fewer farm-raised turkeys shows up across the supply chain. Retailers and processors may face tighter inventories during peak seasons like Thanksgiving and Christmas, potentially affecting prices and promotional strategies. Smaller flocks can also mean less flexibility for producers to meet sudden demand spikes, pushing the industry to refine supply forecasting and logistics.

Sustainability and welfare considerations are shaping how turkey farming evolves. Many producers are investing in improved housing, better nutrition, and practices that reduce environmental footprint even as overall population numbers decrease. These changes can increase production costs, but they may also appeal to consumers seeking higher-welfare or sustainably produced turkey products.

For consumers, the trend could mean a gradual shift in availability and choice. Expect retailers to offer a broader mix of turkey products—from heritage and free-range birds to plant-based substitutes—alongside traditional options. Chefs and home cooks may need to adapt recipes or planning to match evolving portion sizes and product formats.

Looking ahead, the turkey farming sector will likely continue to balance efficiency, animal welfare, and changing consumer preferences. Monitoring market signals—consumer trends, feed prices, and regulatory developments—will be essential for producers and buyers alike. While the farm-raised turkey population declined again in 2025, the industry’s response could spur innovation in production, marketing, and supply-chain resilience.

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